Exploration for Stratigraphic/Subtle Traps Outline

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY STATISTICS

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Exploration potential and challenge

1.3 Trap definition and classification

1.3.1 Definitions
1.3.2 Seals and their influence on trapping configuration
1.3.3 History of trap classification
1.3.4 C&C Reservoirs trap classification

1.4 Summary statistics

1.4.1 Worldwide reserves distribution
1.4.2 Trap size range
1.4.3 Main structural setting
1.4.4 Principal trap categories and main trapping mechanisms
1.4.5 Reservoir lithology and age

CHAPTER 2 EXPLORATION FOR STRATIGRAPHIC/SUBTLE TRAPS

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Why explore for stratigraphic/subtle traps?

2.3 Distinctive attributes of stratigraphic/subtle traps

2.3.1 Trap geometry
2.3.2 Trap location

2.4 Exploration history and techniques in the search for stratigraphic/subtle traps

2.5 Exploration approaches and strategies: an overview

2.5.1 Stratigraphic/Subtle traps in shallow marine carbonate settings
2.5.2 Stratigraphic/Subtle traps in shallow marine, marginal marine and continental
         siliciclastic settings
2.5.3 Stratigraphic/Subtle traps in deepwater siliciclastic and carbonate settings
2.5.4 Stratigraphic/Subtle traps associated with unconformities
2.5.5 Other stratigraphic/subtle traps

2.5.5.1 Regional traps
2.5.5.2 Localized trap

2.6 Key exploration risks and challenges

2.6.1 Exploration risks associated with stratigraphic/subtle traps
2.6.2 Using the analog approach to reduce risk

CHAPTER-3 DELINEATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATIGRAPHIC/SUBTLE TRAPS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Techniques for delineating and developing stratigraphic/subtle traps

3.2.1 Geological techniques
3.2.2 Geophysical techniques
3.2.3 Geochemical techniques
3.2.4 Other techniques and approaches
3.2.5 Differences in delineation/development strategies between onshore and offshore
        fields

3.3 Key Delineation/development risks and challenges

3.3.1 Delineation/development risks associated with stratigraphic/subtle traps
3.3.2 Using the analog approach to reduce risk

CHAPTER 4 STRATIGRAPHIC AND SUBTLE TRAPS PRODUCED BY LATERAL FACIES CHANGE

4.1 Generalization and summary statistics

4.2 Carbonate grainy/muddy facies-change traps

4.2.1 Definition and geologic background
4.2.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
4.2.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
4.2.4 Basics of petroleum systems
4.2.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
4.2.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
4.2.7 Approaches and strategies

4.3 Carbonate/evaporite cycle traps

4.3.1 Definition and geologic background
4.3.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
4.3.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
4.3.4 Basics of petroleum systems
4.3.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
4.3.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
4.3.7 Approaches and strategies

4.4 Carbonate debris-flow traps

4.4.1 Definition and geologic background
4.4.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
4.4.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
4.4.4 Basics of petroleum systems
4.4.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
4.4.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
4.4.7 Approaches and strategies

CHAPTER 5 STRATIGRAPHIC AND SUBTLE TRAPS PRODUCED BY LATERAL DEPOSITIONAL PINCHOUT TRAPS

5.1 Generalization and summary statistics

5.2 Clastic shoreline/shelf traps

5.2.1 Definition and geologic background
5.2.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism

5.2.2.1 Barrier island sandstone traps
5.2.2.2 Incised shoreface sandstone traps
5.2.2.3 Shelf and ramp sheet sandstone traps

5.2.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
5.2.4 Basics of petroleum systems
5.2.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
5.2.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
5.2.7 Approaches and strategies

5.3 Clastic delta traps

5.3.1 Definition and geologic background
5.3.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
5.3.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
5.3.4 Basics of petroleum systems
5.3.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
5.3.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
5.3.7 Approaches and strategies

5.4 Clastic turbidite fan-lobe and sheet-sand traps

5.4.1 Definition and geologic background
5.4.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
5.4.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
5.4.4 Basics of petroleum systems
5.4.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
5.4.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
5.4.7 Approaches and strategies

CHAPTER 6 STRATIGRAPHIC AND SUBTLE TRAPS PRODUCED BY UNCONFORMITY TRUNCATION AND ONLAP

6.1 Generalization and summary statistics

6.2 Subcrop traps

6.2.1 Definition & geologic background
6.2.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism

6.2.2.1 Regional subcrop traps
6.2.2.2 Paleostructural subcrop traps
6.2.2.3 Truncation-edge traps
6.2.2.4 Subcrop traps underlain by onlap traps

6.2.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
6.2.4 Basics of petroleum systems
6.2.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
6.2.6 Geologic and reservoir engineering risks
6.2.7 Approaches and strategies

6.3 Onlap traps

6.3.1 Definition & geologic background
6.3.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism

6.3.2.1 Regional unconformity onlap traps
6.3.2.2 Structural-flank unconformity onlap traps
6.3.2.3 Structural-flank submarine onlap traps
6.3.2.4 Onlap traps underlain by subcrop traps

6.3.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
6.3.4 Basics of petroleum systems
6.3.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
6.3.6 Geologic and reservoir engineering risks
6.3.7 Approaches and strategies

CHAPTER 7 STRATIGRAPHIC AND SUBTLE TRAPS PRODUCED BY CHANNEL/VALLEY-FILL TRAPS

7.1 Generalization and summary statistics

7.2 Fluvial-estuarine channel- and valley-fill traps

7.2.1 Definition and geologic background
7.2.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism

7.2.2.1 Fluvial-estuarine channel-fill traps
7.2.2.2 Fluvial-estuarine valley-fill traps

7.2.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
7.2.4 Basics of petroleum systems
7.2.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
7.2.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
7.2.7 Approaches and strategies

7.3 Turbidite channel- and canyon-fill traps

7.3.1 Definition and geologic background
7.3.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
7.3.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
7.3.4 Basics of petroleum systems
7.3.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
7.3.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
7.3.7 Approaches and strategies

CHAPTER 8 STRATIGRAPHIC AND SUBTLE TRAPS PRODUCED BY DIAGENETIC CHANGES

8.1 Generalization and summary statistics

8.2 Dolomitization/dissolution traps

8.2.1 Definition and geologic background
8.2.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
8.2.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
8.2.4 Basics of petroleum systems
8.2.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
8.2.6 Geologic and reservoir engineering risks
8.2.7 Approaches and strategies

8.3 Cementation and tar seal traps

8.3.1 Definition and geologic background
8.3.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism

8.3.2.1 Cementation traps
8.3.2.2 Tar seal traps

8.3.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
8.3.4 Basics of petroleum systems
8.3.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques

8.3.5.1 Cementation traps
8.3.5.2 Tar seal traps

8.3.6 Geological & reservoir engineering risks

8.3.7 Approaches and strategies

CHAPTER 9 STRATIGRAPHIC AND SUBTLE TRAPS PRODUCED BY FRACTURING

9.1 Generalization and summary statistics

9.2 Subtle fracture traps

9.2.1 Definition and geologic background
9.2.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
9.2.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
9.2.4 Basics of petroleum systems
9.2.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
9.2.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
9.2.7 Approaches and strategies

9.3 Coalbed methane traps

9.3.1 Definition and geologic background
9.3.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
9.3.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
9.3.4 Basics of petroleum systems
9.3.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
9.3.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
9.3.7 Approaches and strategies

CHAPTER 10 STRATIGRAPHIC AND SUBTLE TRAPS PRODUCED BY CAPILLARY PRESSURE

10.1 Generalization and summary statistics

10.2 Basin-center gas traps

10.2.1 Definition and geologic background
10.2.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
10.2.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
10.2.4 Basics of petroleum systems
10.2.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
10.2.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
10.2.7 Approaches and strategies

10.3 Hydrodynamic traps

10.3.1 Definition and geologic background
10.3.2 Trapping configuration and closure mechanism
10.3.3 Reservoir quality and heterogeneity
10.3.4 Basics of petroleum systems
10.3.5 Exploration and delineation history/techniques
10.3.6 Geological and reservoir engineering risks
10.3.7 Approaches and strategies